Exploring the influence of multiple factors toward students’ academic achievement

Abstract: Student academic achievement is an influential component in the learning process and is influenced by several internal and external factors. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the impact of economic status, interpersonal relationships, school environment, and learning styles on elementary school students' academic achievement. This research uses a quantitative approach with a non-experimental survey method. The sample in this study consisted of 263 students in grades IV and V from public and private schools in Cirebon City who were chosen through purposive sampling methods. The data was obtained using a Likert scale questionnaire and analysed using convergent validity tests with SmartPLS and multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results of the validity test show that the interpersonal relationship dimension does not meet the validity criteria so it is removed from the analysis model. The results of multiple linear regression showed that economic status having a substantial and positive influence on the academic accomplishments of students (β = 0.041; p = 0.007). In contrast, the school environment (p = 0.540) and learning style (p = 0.578) did not reveal a substantial influence on academic achievement. These results indicate that family economic conditions are the most dominant factor in supporting students' academic achievement compared to other factors. This research helps in understanding the factors that influence the academic achievement of elementary school students and can be a basis for schools and parents in designing methods to enhance the learning outcomes of students.