Exploring Multidimensional Relationships between Educational Situation Perception, Teacher Support, Digital Learning Engagement, and Academic Self-Efficacy in Elementary School
Authors
Dita Amelia Putri
Universitas Siliwangi
Muhammad Alie Muzakki
Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Jepara
Abstract
This study examines the structural relationships among students’ perceptions of the learning environment, perceived teacher support, academic self-efficacy, and students’ engagement in digital learning in elementary school digital learning contexts. A quantitative survey approach was employed, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that academic self-efficacy significantly predicts students’ participation in digital learning activities. Teacher support significantly contributes to strengthening academic self-efficacy and indirectly influences digital learning engagement through the improvement of students’ academic confidence. In contrast, educational situation perception does not show a significant direct relationship with either academic self-efficacy or digital learning engagement. The sequential mediation pathway involving teacher support and academic self-efficacy is statistically confirmed. The model demonstrates satisfactory explanatory power and predictive relevance. The results suggest that psychologically driven factors supported by effective pedagogical practices play a more central role in fostering students’ digital engagement than contextual perceptions operating independently. These findings highlight the mediating role of academic self-efficacy within the multidimensional framework tested in this study.