ANALYSIS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL IN PPKN LEARNING ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' LEARNING

This research is based on based on the observation that Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PKn) learning at the elementary school level is often still conventional, teacher-centered, and less student-involved, resulting in low learning outcomes and student engagement. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in PPKn learning and measure its effectiveness in improving the quality of elementary school students' learning holistically, covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method, this study was conducted at one of the elementary schools in Cirebon Regency with subjects of grade V teachers and 35 students. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive model (data reduction, data presentation, verification) and data triangulation. The results showed that the application of PBL significantly increased student engagement (physical, emotional, cognitive), learning outcomes (average scores increased from 72 to 83), and the development of citizenship attitudes (mutual respect, cooperation, social concern). In conclusion, the PBL model effectively creates participatory, contextual, and collaborative civics learning, not only improving conceptual understanding but also fostering democratic and responsible characters. This study contributes theoretically by strengthening constructivism theory and practically as a reference for civics teachers for innovative and meaningful learning.