The Role of Teacher Support, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Emotions in Predicting Primary School Students Learning Performance Within a Formative Assessment Model
Authors
Nonih Nur Syah Lukiyah
Institut Prima Bangsa
Hilyah Auliya
Institut Prima Bangsa
Khilda Tamami
Institut Prima Bangsa
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of teacher support, academic self-efficacy, and academic emotions on the learning performance of elementary school students through the development of a formative assessment model. A supportive classroom environment is essential for fostering student motivation, emotional regulation, and optimal academic achievement. The study involved 240 students from public elementary schools in Cirebon, Indonesia, using a structured quantitative survey. Research instruments measured teacher support, academic self-efficacy, academic emotions, and student performance. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), a variance-based structural equation modeling approach, with SmartPLS 3.0 software. Results show that teacher support has a strong direct effect on learning performance (β = 0.845; f² = 2.524), and also exerts indirect effects through positive academic emotions (β = 0.134) and academic self-efficacy (β = -0.034). The structural model explains 75.9% of the variance in student performance (R² = 0.759). These findings emphasize the critical role of teacher support and students’ psychological factors in formative assessment, suggesting that integrating socio-emotional variables can improve learning effectiveness in primary education.